Bush Bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
Fifty days from sowing to picking, all at once, which is exactly what you want for canning.

Concentrated set
Bush beans produce most of their crop in a two-week window and then decline. That is ideal if you are canning or freezing a batch, and frustrating if you want beans all summer. Sow a short row every two to three weeks from last frost to midsummer for a steady supply.
Direct sow only
Beans resent root disturbance and germinate fast in warm soil, so direct sowing always overtakes transplants. Wait for 60F soil - seed sown into cold wet ground rots. Sow an inch deep, three to four inches apart.
Do not feed nitrogen
Beans fix their own nitrogen through root nodules. Adding more gives lush foliage and few pods. If the ground has never grown legumes, an inoculant at sowing can help nodulation, though most garden soil already carries the bacteria.
Water at the base
About an inch a week, especially from flowering through pod fill. Water the soil rather than the leaves - wet foliage spreads bacterial blight and rust, and never work among wet bean plants for the same reason.
Keep picking
Every pod left to swell and mature signals the plant its job is done and shuts down production. Pick young, when pods snap cleanly and before the seeds bulge, and pick every two or three days through the flush.
Pests
Mexican bean beetle is the main one here - it looks like a coppery ladybird, with fuzzy yellow larvae that skeletonise leaves from underneath. Hand-pick adults and crush the yellow egg clusters. Bean leaf beetle chews round holes and can transmit virus. Aphids cluster on growing tips.
Diseases
Bacterial blight shows as water-soaked spots with yellow halos, rust as small orange pustules, and anthracnose as dark sunken lesions on pods. All spread in wet conditions. Rotate on three years, use clean seed, and keep foliage dry.
Harvest and storage
Snap beans keep about a week in the fridge and freeze very well after a brief blanch. Left on the plant to dry fully they can also be shelled as dry beans, though varieties bred for drying do it better.
- Habit
- Bush, determinate
- Days to harvest
- 50-60
- Spacing
- 3-4 in
- Row spacing
- 18-24 in
- Depth
- 1 in
- Sun
- Full
- pH
- 6.0-7.0
- Soil temp
- 60F+