Curly Kale
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
Hardier than lacinato and harder to wash. The frills catch everything.

The hardiest common green
Curly kale - Winterbor, Dwarf Blue Curled, Redbor - takes temperatures into the single digits and is the most likely thing still standing in your garden in January. Under a low tunnel it produces all winter in zone 6b/7. Frost makes it sweeter, and kale picked in December genuinely tastes better than the same plant in August.
Washing is the real chore
The tightly ruffled leaves trap soil, grit, aphids and cabbage worms in a way flat-leaved lacinato does not. Soak in a sink of cold water and agitate rather than rinsing under a tap, and check the frills for grey cabbage aphids, which colonise the crinkles in late summer and are stubborn to dislodge.
Harvest bottom up, indefinitely
Take the lowest mature leaves, always leaving the crown and six to eight upper leaves. A spring-sown plant harvested this way produces from June until the following spring. It also regrows from the crown if cut back hard.
Summer leaves are tougher
Heat makes curly kale coarse and bitter. It is a cool-season crop that merely tolerates summer. Sow in July for the best autumn and winter harvest, and treat summer leaves as cooking rather than salad material.
Soil and feeding
Rich soil, near-neutral pH, nitrogen side-dressings every four to six weeks through a long picking season. Kale is a heavy feeder over many months.
Pests
Cabbage worms and loopers, which hide in the frills and match the leaf colour - Bt or diligent hand-picking. Grey cabbage aphid is the worst late-season problem. Harlequin bugs and flea beetles. Row cover from planting prevents most of it.
Clubroot and rotation
Rotate brassicas on four years. Keep the pH up, which suppresses clubroot.
Storage
One to two weeks refrigerated. Massaging chopped raw leaves with a little oil and salt breaks down the toughness for salads. Freezes well blanched.
- Days to harvest
- 50-70
- Spacing
- 12-18 in
- Row spacing
- 24 in
- Sun
- Full to part
- pH
- 6.0-7.5
- Hardiness
- To ~5F
- Harvest
- Continuous, bottom up
- Regrows
- From the crown after cutting