Southern Pea
Vigna unguiculata
Cowpeas, black-eyed peas, crowders. The crop that shrugs at drought and poor soil.

Built for a southern summer
This is the bean that produces in July and August when everything else has stopped. It thrives in heat that makes snap beans drop their flowers, and it tolerates drought and poor ground better than almost any other vegetable.
Poor soil is genuinely fine
Rich soil gives you vine and little else. Southern peas fix nitrogen efficiently and crop well on ground you would not bother fertilising - which also makes them an excellent summer cover crop and soil-builder between other plantings.
Sow after the soil is warm
They want 65F soil and no risk of cold. Sow from late May through July; a July sowing still has time to crop before frost.
Three harvest stages
Pick young pods whole as snaps; shell at the green stage when the seeds are full but still soft, which is the classic fresh southern pea; or leave to dry fully on the plant for storage. One planting can give you all three if you stagger the picking.
Types
Crowders have seeds crowded tightly in the pod and a fuller flavour; black-eyed peas are milder; cream peas are pale and delicate. Growing is identical - choose on eating preference.
Pests
Cowpea curculio is the significant one, a small weevil whose larvae feed inside the pods; rotation and prompt harvest help. Aphids cluster on tips. Deer are notably fond of the foliage.
Harvest
Green shelling peas are ready when pods have coloured up - yellow, purple or silver depending on variety - and feel full. Dry peas are ready when pods are brown and brittle. Pull whole plants at the end of the season and dry them under cover if rain threatens.
Storage
Fresh shelled peas keep a few days and freeze well. Dried and stored airtight, they keep for years. Save your own seed easily - they are self-pollinating and come true.
- Days to harvest
- 60-90
- Spacing
- 4-6 in
- Row spacing
- 24-36 in
- Sun
- Full
- pH
- 5.5-7.0
- Soil temp
- 65F+
- Tolerance
- Heat and drought
- Use
- Also a cover crop